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Packaging & stowage guideline for reefer cargo
Why Packaging ?
Packaging plays an important role when it comes to
protecting the cargo. The packaging material must be able
to support a stacking height of up to 2.4 metres (7’10’’).
The material should be able to withstand humidity without
collapsing, and should allow the passage of an adequate
vertical airflow through the cartons in order to maintain the
desired temperature. As the air comes from the bottom of the
container, the optimal air circulation can be achieved if
each carton has symmetrical holes at both the top and
bottom. The number, placement, size and shape of the air
holes are determined by the product being packaged (as in fig. )
Furthermore, the wrapping material used should be sufficiently
secure to prevent any blockage of the evaporator fan.
If Humidity Control is to be used for transportation, use
wax-impregnated cardboard or other materials that will
not lose strength in high-humidity environments.
Fig: Packaging requirement of frozen cargo:
(1)Carton alignment
for unrestricted airflow
(2) Strength of cartons in the corners
(3) Corners of cartons supported
Stowage requirements
Stowage should enable the air to circulate properly. Heat,
water vapour, carbon dioxide and other gases produced
by the respiration process from chilled fresh products may
damage the product and should therefore be removed.
The stuffing should allow the refrigerated air to circulate
through the packaging material and throughout the
entire load.
If the cargo cannot cover the entire floor area, heavy
cardboard must be placed over the empty space. Cool
delivery air will always take the route of least resistance,
thus causing a “short circuit” of airflow resulting in
insufficient cooling of the cargo.
Cargo must never, under any circumstances, be stowed above
the red load line. This is to ensure the proper circulation of
refrigerated air. Slip sheets should not be used for fresh,
chilled cargo.
For palletised cargo, the following steps are recommended:
• The cartons must be stacked squarely on top of one another
to ensure that the weight is evenly distributed to the four
corners of the cartons.
• The corners of each carton should be supported directly
by the pallet.
• Place cartons on the pallets so that air flow up into the
cartons is not restricted.
• The ventilation holes, located at the top and bottom of
the cartons, must be aligned to allow the air to pass freely
through the entire load.
• Shrink-wrapped pallets, slip sheets, foam trays, plastic
bags or similar materials that may obstruct and block the
air passage should not be used.
• If pallets are wrapped with plastic to provide stability,
do not cover the bottom or the top of the cartons.
Fig: Dedicated reefer ship underway
Other useful articles :
- Methods of refrigeration
Refrigeration is essentially the removal of heat through
the process of evaporation. We choose to refrigerate
commodities such as fruits and vegetables because we
want to prolong their “practical shelf life” – the time from
harvest until the product loses its commercial value.
More .....
-
Reefer cargo stuffing
it is essential that all products are treated correctly prior
to stuffing. Even though the temperature, ventilation and
humidity are all optimal during the entire voyage, products
will only arrive in perfect condition if the pre-treatment has
been performed correctly. Successful shipping begins at the
product sourcing area.
More .....
-
Growing demand for container refrigeration
On deck refrigerated containers are generally serviced by clip-on air cooled electric motor drive cooling units. The units are plugged into the
ships electrical system by way of suitable deck sockets.
More .....
-
Frozen products packaging requirement
Proper packaging procedures will help protect frozen cargo
during transport. Frozen products do not require air holes in
the top and bottom of the cartons. Air flowing around the load
is sufficient to remove heat that has penetrated the container.
The cartons should be stacked directly on top of each other to
take advantage of their strength in the corners.
More .....
- Packaging & stowage guideline for reefer cargo
Packaging plays an important role when it comes to protecting the cargo. The packaging material must be able
to support a stacking height of up to 2.4 metres (7’10’’).
The material should be able to withstand humidity without
collapsing, and should allow the passage of an adequate
vertical airflow through the cartons in order to maintain the
desired temperature..
More .....
- Choice of packaging for various commodities
Goods should be well stowed within the package,
evenly distributed and properly secured. Items
completely filling the case or carton contribute to
the strength of the whole package. Items which do
not completely fill the package must be cushioned
against shock or vibration.
More .....
- How to keep cargo fresh ?
Proper ventilation of fresh, chilled products is necessary to
remove the heat, carbon dioxide and other gases produced
by the cargo. Heat is removed by continuously circulating
the internal air, whereas carbon dioxide and other gases are
removed by replacing the internal air supply with cooled
fresh air..
More .....
- Loading precautions for refrigerated cargoes
Refrigerated cargoes include meat carcases, carton (packed) meat, fruit, cheese, butter, fish and offal. Ships are specifically designed for their carriage, with separate spaces in holds and ’tween decks, each fitted with suitable insulation and individual control of ventilation. Ordinary general cargoes may be carried in the spaces at other times, the temperature being regulated accordingly for the type of cargo being carried.
More .....
- Role classification societies maintaining seaworthiness of vessels
classification societies publish rules and regulations which are principally concerned with the strength of the ship, the provision of adequate equipment, and the reliability of the machinery .
More .....
- Periodic survey requirement by classification societies
To maintain the assigned class all steel ships are required to be surveyed and examined by the Society’s
surveyors at regular periods.
The major hull items to be examined at these surveys only are discussed
here..
More .....
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