marine engineering

Home page||Ship employment ||


Bales and Bundles cargo handling handling various considerations

Materials

Hessian or a similar strong material usually constitutes the outer cladding although plastic, paper, woven man-made fibres and waste from the contents of the bale are also common. For more valuable goods a second and third cover may be included. Close woven polypropylene has a non-absorbent water resistant quality which is particularly suitable for some commodities. Some bales, e.g. straw, hay, etc., have no covering whatsoever.

bales
Bales

Commodities

Commodities that are baled include wool, cotton, vegetable fibre (e.g. jute, kapok, abaca), paper pulp, tobacco, skins, furs, rubber, hair, cloth, etc.

Characteristics

Sizes of bales vary greatly with some commodities (e.g. wool and abaca) compressed into high density bales. It is important not to rupture a covering, break the binding material of, or allow ingress of moisture to a high density bale as the resultant expansion of the commodity can make discharge extremely difficult and in a container may distort or rupture the side walls.

Bales may also vary quite considerably in shape. Some may be square, (e.g. wool, unless double dumped when the shape becomes oblong), cylindrical or completely shapeless. Many bales are now designed as modules to fit the interior of an ISO container.

Handling

While hand hooks are acceptable for raw cotton, wool, etc., they must not be used with high quality goods such as skins, furs, cotton piece goods, etc. Most baled commodities are impervious to damage from rolling or dropping from limited heights. However, it can be dangerous to drop bales of rubber due to their ability to bounce in any direction. Metal or other banding is commonly used to hold the bale in compression and should never be used as a lifting point, unless marks or labels indicate to the contrary.

Stowage

Being particularly vulnerable to chafe, bales should be well protected by matting and dunnage from sharp edges and other cargo which may cause damage. They should not be stowed with dusty or dirty cargo which will mark or stain the covers. Bales with torn or stained covers should be rejected, or the bill of lading claused accordingly. Particular attention should be paid to baled cotton .




Summarized below some more details on general cargo ship cargo handling procedure and operational info:
  1. Cargo handling procedure for heavy indivisible loads

  2. Heavy indivisible loads may be defined as those which, because of their mass and/or shape cannot be handled by the normal gear available on board ship or on the quay alongside.
    More .....

  3. Livestock handling brief procedure

  4. The transport of animals is subject to legislation in many countries. Where risk of disease may exist this legislation is rigorously enforced. In most cases the legislation not only covers the importation of animals, but also the transit of animals, through a port.
    More .....

  5. Unitised cargo handling technics for general cargo ship

  6. A grouping together of two or more items (usually of a homogeneous nature) and securing them with banding, glue, shrinkwrap, slings (e.g. clover leaf), to form a unit which, .
    More .....

  7. Bagged Cargo handling procedure for general cargo ship

  8. Bagged commodities need to be sufficiently robust to withstand external pressure and compression, as the bag is designed to contain the contents rather than provide any substantial protection against external damage. .
    More .....

  9. Bales & bundles handling procedure for general cargo ship

  10. Most baled commodities are impervious to damage from rolling or dropping from limited heights. However, it can be dangerous to drop bales of rubber due to their ability to bounce in any direction..
    More .....

  11. Cases,Crates,Cartons, Drums,Barrels,Casks, etc.Handling technics

  12. Cases and crates are usually constructed of plywood or thin low grade timber. Heavier cases may be built up of 150mm×5mm (6×1) planks with strengthening pieces internally and externally while some are built in a skeletal fashion to allow air to permeate through the contents and/or to reduce the weight. .
    More .....

  13. DG Cargo handling procedure for general cargo ship

  14. The IMDG Code recognises nine broad classes of Dangerous Goods. For the correct classification and labelling of Dangerous Goods reference should be made to the IMDG Code. .
    More .....

  15. Methods of ventilation used in general cargo ships

  16. Ventilation of cargo may be necessary to remove heat, dissipate gas, help prevent condensation and/or remove taint. Heat may be generated by live fruit, wet hides, vermin, and commodities liable to spontaneous combustion .
    More .....

  17. Methods of stowage used in general cargo ships

  18. The stowage factor of any cargo is the volume which a certain amount in weight of that cargo occupies. It is usually measures in cubic feet per long ton or alternatively in cubic metres per metric ton. If the stowage factor is 20, it indicates a heavy cargo. If it is 100, it indicates that the cargo is light.
    More .....

  19. Special cargo handling in general cargo ships

  20. Ventilation of cargo may be necessary to remove heat, dissipate gas, help prevent condensation and/or remove taint. Heat may be generated by live fruit, wet hides, vermin, and commodities liable to spontaneous combustion .
    More .....

  21. Intermediate Bulk Containers ( I.B.C.)handling technics - general cargo ship procedure

  22. An I.B.C. is a disposable or re-usable container designed for the carriage of bulk commodities in parcels of between 0.5 and 3.0 tonnes.
    More .....

  23. Dunnage requirement for general cargo ships

  24. The traditional reasons for the use of dunnage have been largely superseded with the introduction of containers and general cargo ships with shallower decks and holds.
    More .....

  25. Methods of refrigeration used in general cargo ships

  26. Refrigeration is essentially the removal of heat through the process of evaporation. We choose to refrigerate commodities such as fruits and vegetables because we want to prolong their “practical shelf life” – the time from harvest until the product loses its commercial value.
    More .....

  27. Deck Cargo handling procedure for general cargo ship

  28. A large variety of goods, because of their inherent properties (length, height, weight, etc.) may be carried on deck. "On deck" means an uncovered space and includes deck houses having doors which can be continuously open (except in heavy weather)..
    More .....

  29. Safe use of pesticides on board cargo ships

  30. Ship's personnel should not handle fumigants and such operations should be carried out only by qualified operators. Fumigation should only be carried out with the agreement of the ship's master..
    More .....

  31. Various commodities carried by general cargo ships

  32. Cargoes should be stowed and secured in a manner that will avoid exposing the ship and persons on board to unnecessary risk. The safe stowage and securing of cargo depends upon proper planning, execution and supervision by properly qualified and experienced personnel. .
    More .....

  33. Methods of ventilation

  34. The holds of most dry cargo ships are ventilated by a mechanical supply and natural exhaust system .
    More .....

  35. Carriage of containers on cargo ships

  36. The process of loading and securing of goods into a container should follow the IMO/ILO/UN/ECE Guidelines for Packing of Cargo Transport Units (CTUs). Special care should be taken when lifting a container the centre of gravity of which is mobile, e.g. a tank container, bulk container or a container with contents which are hanging..
    More .....



Machinery system main info pages

Home page||Cooling ||Machinery||Services ||Valves ||Pumps ||Auxiliary Power ||Propeller shaft ||Steering gears ||Ship stabilizers||Refrigeration||Air conditioning ||Deck machinery||Fire protection||Ship employment ||


Home ||




General Cargo Ship.com provide information on cargo ships various machinery systems -handling procedures, on board safety measures and some basic knowledge of cargo ships that might be useful for people working on board and those who working in the terminal. For any remarks please Contact us


Copyright © 2010-2016 General Cargo Ship.com All rights reserved.
Terms and conditions of use
Read our privacy policy|| Home page||