Home page||Auxiliary Power ||
Exhaust gas boilers - Ship service systems
The original exhaust gas boilers or economizers were of simple construction and produced, from the low powered engines of the time, a very moderate amount of steam. As large slow speed engine powers increased, the larger quantity of steam that could be generated from otherwise wasted exhaust energy, was sufficient finally for provision of the ships entire electrical power requirement through a turbo-alternator, plus any necessary heating steam.
Slow-speed diesel power development has increased engine efficiency but actually reduced the waste heat available to an exhaust gas boiler. Waste heat systems have become more sophisticated (Figure 7.13) in order to continue to supply the electrical requirement and to obtain other economies.
Auxiliary steam turbines
Auxiliary steam turbines are used in turbo-generator sets and also for cargo pump and fan drives. Power outputs vary up to about 1.5 MW for generator sets. The single cylinder turbines can be arranged horizontally or vertically. Both condensing and back pressure turbines have been used, being designed for steam conditions ranging from about 6 bar to about 62 bar at 510 deg C The layout for a closed feed system featured in Chapter 1 shows how turbo-generators and turbine driven cargo pumps are incorporated into a steamship system.
Turbo-generators are also fitted in many motor ships in conjunction with waste heat recovery schemes, based on using the exhaust from very large and powerful slow-speed diesels. Diesel engine builders have developed engines with greater powers in response to the shipowners demand and also in competition with steam turbines, for propulsion. Diesels are now used almost exclusively for modern ships. Only for liquefied gas carriers where the gas boil-off can be burned in the boilers, are steam turbines still being installed.
Figure
Figure 7.13 : Typical waste heat recovery system (courtesy of Sulzer)
Summarized below some of the basic procedure of marine auxiliary machinery :
- Auxiliary engine general construction
Major problems have been experienced on large slow-speed
engines with some of the poor quality bunkers such as those containing
catalytic fines. Fuel should conform to the specification given in the instruction
book for the engine.
......
- Auxiliary engine back pressure turbine
Many ships have used an auxiliary steam turbine as a primary pressure reducing stage before passing the steam to other auxiliaries demanding steam at a substantially lower pressure than that available. Such an arrangement gives a heat balance which is far more favourable than that obtained with a pressure reducing valve......
- Auxiliary engine fuel pump
The most common fuel pump used on auxiliary diesel engines is the Bosch
type. This is a cam operated jerk pump with a helical groove on the plunger to
control the fuel cut-off and therefore the quantity of fuel delivered to the
cylinder for combustion.
......
- Auxiliary engine common fuel injector
Fuel is delivered to an annular space in the nozzle via a hole, drilled through
the nozzle body from the inlet. The nozzle valve is forced from its seat in the
nozzle body by the pressure of fuel from the pump, acting on the shoulder of
the needle valve.
......
- Auxiliary engine cooling system
A variety of cooling systems may be adopted for marine auxiliary engines but
the most commonly used is the simple closed circuit system . Sea
water is passed through the intercooler, the oil cooler and then the jacket water
cooler in series flow.
......
- Auxiliary engine hydraulic governor
When used for alternating current power generation, a diesel engine is normally fitted with a hydraulic governor. This incorporates a centrifugal speed sensing device (spring loaded flyweights) controlling a suitably damped oil operated servo-cylinder through a pilot valve.
......
- Auxiliary engine speed governing system
Unlike propulsion turbines, generator turbines work at constant speed and must be governed accordingly. Classification Society rules require that there must be only a 10% momentary and a 6% permanent variation in speed when full load is suddenly taken off or put on.
......
- Auxiliary engine tracing faults
The failure of an engine to start or problems while running may be traced to
faults with the fuel injection system or other possible causes. Instruction
manual guidance on fault finding and remedies will include some of the typical
problems
......
- Generators driven from the main propulsion
Generators can variously be driven from the propeller shaft, through a gearbox or by being mounted on the engine itself.
......
- Exhaust gas boilers
The original exhaust gas boilers or economizers were of simple construction and produced, from the low powered engines of the time, a very moderate amount of steam. As large slow speed engine powers increased, the larger quantity of steam that could be generated from otherwise wasted exhaust energy,
......
- Auxiliary engine Turbo generator construction
Turbo-generator construction-For electrical power generation, turbines are conventionally horizontal axial flow machines of the impulse reaction type. They may exhaust either to an integral condenser (invariably underslung) or to a separate central auxiliary condenser or the ship's main condenser.
......
- Caterpillar engine fuel system
The range of larger Caterpillar engines use helix-type fuel pumps driven from a
separate camshaft.......
Home page||Cooling ||Machinery||Services ||Valves ||Pumps ||Auxiliary Power ||Propeller shaft ||Steering gears ||Ship stabilizers||Refrigeration||Air conditioning ||Deck machinery||Fire protection||Ship design
||Home ||
General Cargo Ship.com provide information on cargo ships various machinery systems -handling procedures, on board safety measures and some basic knowledge of cargo ships that might be useful for people working on board and those who working in the terminal. For any remarks please
Contact us
Copyright © 2010-2016 General Cargo Ship.com All rights reserved.
Terms and conditions of use
Read our privacy policy|| Home page||